Nginx 0.6.31 + PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI)搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器[第六版]

前言:本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx+PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍Nginx+PHP安装、配置、使用的资料之一,为推动Ng…

前言:本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx+PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍Nginx+PHP安装、配置、使用的资料之一,为推动Nginx在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。本文可能不断更新小版本,请记住原文链接“http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/”,获取最新内容。第6篇文章主要介绍了Nginx0.8.x新的平滑重启方式,将PHP升级到了5.2.14,修正了PEAR问题。另将MySQL5.1.x升级到了5.5.x系列,配置文件变更较大。

Nginx(“enginex”)是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。Nginx是由IgorSysoev为俄罗斯访问量第二的Rambler.ru站点开发的,它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

Nginx超越Apache的高性能和稳定性,使得国内使用Nginx作为Web服务器的网站也越来越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻、腾讯网、搜狐博客等门户网站频道,六间房、56.com等视频分享网站,Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛,盛大在线、金山逍遥网等网络游戏网站,豆瓣、人人网、YUPOO相册、金山爱词霸、迅雷在线等新兴Web2.0网站。

Nginx的官方中文维基:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs

在高并发连接的情况下,Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果,Nginx0.8.46+PHP5.2.14(FastCGI)可以承受3万以上的并发连接数,相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

根据我的经验,4GB内存的服务器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能处理3000个并发连接,因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存,还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器,因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000,当Apache并发连接数达到3800时,导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

而这台Nginx0.8.46+PHP5.2.14(FastCGI)服务器在3万并发连接下,开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存(15M*10=150M),开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存(20M*64=1280M),加上系统自身消耗的内存,总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小,完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程,这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

在3万并发连接下,访问Nginx0.8.46+PHP5.2.14(FastCGI)服务器的PHP程序,仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面,显示的活动连接数为28457(关于Nginx的监控页配置,会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明):

我生产环境下的两台Nginx+PHP5(FastCGI)服务器,跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序,单台Nginx+PHP5(FastCGI)服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”,相当于每天可以承受6000万(700*60*60*24=60480000)的访问量(更多信息见此),而服务器的系统负载也不高:

2009年9月3日下午2:30,金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时(http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml),大量玩家上官网,论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群,每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万,这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。

下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器,一台为Nginx,另一台为Apache,Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多,Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache:

你可以将连接数开到10000~30000,去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php,这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常,而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php,则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器,即使再优化,Apache也很难在“webbench-c30000-t60http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的压力情况下正常访问,而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。

webbench下载地址:http://blog.s135.com/post/288/

注意:webbench做压力测试时,该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源,为了测试准确,请将webbench安装在别的服务器上。

测试结果:#####Nginx+PHP#####

引用

[root@localhostwebbench-1.5]#webbench-c100-t30http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php

Webbench-SimpleWebBenchmark1.5

Copyright(c)RadimKolar1997-2004,GPLOpenSourceSoftware.

Benchmarking:GEThttp://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php

100clients,running30sec.

Speed=102450pages/min,16490596bytes/sec.

Requests:51225susceed,0failed.

top-14:06:13up27days,2:25,2users,loadaverage:14.57,9.89,6.51

Tasks:287total,4running,283sleeping,0stopped,0zombie

Cpu(s):49.9%us,6.7%sy,0.0%ni,41.4%id,1.1%wa,0.1%hi,0.8%si

Mem:6230016ktotal,2959468kused,3270548kfree,635992kbuffers

Swap:2031608ktotal,3696kused,2027912kfree,1231444kcached

测试结果:#####Apache+PHP#####

引用

[root@localhostwebbench-1.5]#webbench-c100-t30http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php

Webbench-SimpleWebBenchmark1.5

Copyright(c)RadimKolar1997-2004,GPLOpenSourceSoftware.

Benchmarking:GEThttp://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php

100clients,running30sec.

Speed=42184pages/min,31512914bytes/sec.

Requests:21092susceed,0failed.

top-14:06:20up27days,2:13,2users,loadaverage:62.15,26.36,13.42

Tasks:318total,7running,310sleeping,0stopped,1zombie

Cpu(s):80.4%us,10.6%sy,0.0%ni,7.9%id,0.1%wa,0.1%hi,0.9%si

Mem:6230016ktotal,3075948kused,3154068kfree,379896kbuffers

Swap:2031608ktotal,12592kused,2019016kfree,1117868kcached

为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多?这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll(Linux2.6内核)和kqueue(freebsd)网络I/O模型,而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

处理大量的连接的读写,Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别:

假设你在大学读书,住的宿舍楼有很多间房间,你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找,直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号,你的朋友来时,只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可,不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人,都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时,select版和epoll版宿管大妈,谁的效率更高,不言自明。同理,在高并发服务器中,轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一,select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高,同样十分明了。

安装步骤:

(系统要求:Linux2.6+内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS5.3,另在RedHatAS4上也安装成功)

一、获取相关开源程序:

1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOSLinux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库(RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包,进行安装):

sudo-s

LANG=C

yum-yinstallgccgcc-c++autoconflibjpeglibjpeg-devellibpnglibpng-develfreetypefreetype-devellibxml2libxml2-develzlibzlib-develglibcglibc-develglib2glib2-develbzip2bzip2-develncursesncurses-develcurlcurl-devele2fsprogse2fsprogs-develkrb5krb5-devellibidnlibidn-developensslopenssl-developenldapopenldap-develnss_ldapopenldap-clientsopenldap-servers

2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包(事先可通过类似“rpm-qa|greplibjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安装)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装,以下是RPM包下载网址:

①、RedHatAS4&CentOS4

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/

②、RedHatAS5&CentOS5

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

③、RPM包搜索网站

http://rpm.pbone.net/

http://www.rpmfind.net/

④、RedHatAS4系统环境,通常情况下缺少的支持包安装:

Ⅰ、i386系统

wgethttp://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm

rpm-ivhlibjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm

wgethttp://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm

rpm-ivhfreetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm

wgethttp://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

rpm-ivhlibpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

Ⅱ、x86_64系统

wgethttp://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivhlibjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivhfreetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivhlibpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包:

本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。

下载地址:http://bbs.aieln.com/thread-1582-1-1.html

mkdir-p/data0/software

cd/data0/software

nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz;php-5.2.14.tar.gz;php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz;mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz;libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz;libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz;mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz;memcache-2.2.5.tgz;mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz;eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2;PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz;ImageMagick.tar.gz;imagick-2.3.0.tgz

二、安装PHP5.2.14(FastCGI模式)

1、编译安装PHP5.2.14所需的支持库:

tarzxvflibiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

cdlibiconv-1.13.1/

./configure–prefix=/usr/local

make

makeinstall

cd../

tarzxvflibmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cdlibmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

makeinstall

/sbin/ldconfig

cdlibltdl/

./configure–enable-ltdl-install

make

makeinstall

cd../../

tarzxvfmhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cdmhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

makeinstall

cd../

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la/usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmhash.a/usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmhash.la/usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmhash.so/usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

ln-s/usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config/usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tarzxvfmcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cdmcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

makeinstall

cd../

2、编译安装MySQL5.5.3-m3

/usr/sbin/groupaddmysql

/usr/sbin/useradd-gmysqlmysql

tarzxvfmysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz

cdmysql-5.5.3-m3/

./configure–prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/–enable-assembler–with-extra-charsets=complex–enable-thread-safe-client–with-big-tables–with-readline–with-ssl–with-embedded-server–enable-local-infile–with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

make&&makeinstall

chmod+w/usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown-Rmysql:mysql/usr/local/webserver/mysql

cd../

附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir-p/data0/mysql/3306/data/

mkdir-p/data0/mysql/3306/binlog/

mkdir-p/data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/

chown-Rmysql:mysql/data0/mysql/

②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db–basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql–datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data–user=mysql

③、创建my.cnf配置文件:

vi/data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

输入以下内容:

引用

[client]

character-set-server=utf8

port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

character-set-server=utf8

replicate-ignore-db=mysql

replicate-ignore-db=test

replicate-ignore-db=information_schema

user=mysql

port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data

log-error=/data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log

pid-file=/data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid

open_files_limit=10240

back_log=600

max_connections=5000

max_connect_errors=6000

table_cache=614

external-locking=FALSE

max_allowed_packet=32M

sort_buffer_size=1M

join_buffer_size=1M

thread_cache_size=300

#thread_concurrency=8

query_cache_size=512M

query_cache_limit=2M

query_cache_min_res_unit=2k

default-storage-engine=MyISAM

thread_stack=192K

transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size=246M

max_heap_table_size=246M

long_query_time=3

log-slave-updates

log-bin=/data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size=4M

binlog_format=MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size=8M

max_binlog_size=1G

relay-log-index=/data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log-info-file=/data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log=/data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

expire_logs_days=30

key_buffer_size=256M

read_buffer_size=1M

read_rnd_buffer_size=16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size=64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size=10G

myisam_repair_threads=1

myisam_recover

interactive_timeout=120

wait_timeout=120

skip-name-resolve

#master-connect-retry=10

slave-skip-errors=1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host=192.168.1.2

#master-user=username

#master-password=password

#master-port=3306

server-id=1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M

innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads=4

innodb_thread_concurrency=8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2

innodb_log_buffer_size=16M

innodb_log_file_size=128M

innodb_log_files_in_group=3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120

innodb_file_per_table=0

#log-slow-queries=/data0/mysql/3306/slow.log

#long_query_time=10

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet=32M

④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本:

vi/data0/mysql/3306/mysql

输入以下内容(这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建):

#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306

mysql_username=”admin”

mysql_password=”12345678″

function_start_mysql()

{

printf”StartingMySQL…\n”

/bin/sh/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe–defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf2>&1>/dev/null&

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf”StopingMySQL…\n”

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-u${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password}-S/tmp/mysql.sockshutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf”RestartingMySQL…\n”

function_stop_mysql

sleep5

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

kill-9$(ps-ef|grep’bin/mysqld_safe’|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}’)

kill-9$(ps-ef|grep’libexec/mysqld’|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}’)

}

if[“$1″=”start”];then

function_start_mysql

elif[“$1″=”stop”];then

function_stop_mysql

elif[“$1″=”restart”];then

function_restart_mysql

elif[“$1″=”kill”];then

function_kill_mysql

else

printf”Usage:/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql{start|stop|restart|kill}\n”

fi

⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限:

chmod+x/data0/mysql/3306/mysql

⑥、启动MySQL:

/data0/mysql/3306/mysqlstart

⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器(提示输入密码时直接回车):

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql-uroot-p-S/tmp/mysql.sock

⑧、输入以下SQL语句,创建一个具有root权限的用户(admin)和密码(12345678):

GRANTALLPRIVILEGESON*.*TO’admin’@’localhost’IDENTIFIEDBY’12345678′;

GRANTALLPRIVILEGESON*.*TO’admin’@’127.0.0.1’IDENTIFIEDBY’12345678′;

⑨、(可选)停止MySQL:

/data0/mysql/3306/mysqlstop

3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)

tarzxvfphp-5.2.14.tar.gz

gzip-cdphp-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz|patch-dphp-5.2.14-p1

cdphp-5.2.14/

./configure–prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc–with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql–with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config–with-iconv-dir=/usr/local–with-freetype-dir–with-jpeg-dir–with-png-dir–with-zlib–with-libxml-dir=/usr–enable-xml–disable-rpath–enable-discard-path–enable-safe-mode–enable-bcmath–enable-shmop–enable-sysvsem–enable-inline-optimization–with-curl–with-curlwrappers–enable-mbregex–enable-fastcgi–enable-fpm–enable-force-cgi-redirect–enable-mbstring–with-mcrypt–with-gd–enable-gd-native-ttf–with-openssl–with-mhash–enable-pcntl–enable-sockets–with-ldap–with-ldap-sasl–with-xmlrpc–enable-zip–enable-soap

makeZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’

makeinstall

cpphp.ini-dist/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd../

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tarzxvfmemcache-2.2.5.tgz

cdmemcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure–with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

makeinstall

cd../

tarjxvfeaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

cdeaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure–enable-eaccelerator=shared–with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

makeinstall

cd../

tarzxvfPDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cdPDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure–with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config–with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

makeinstall

cd../

tarzxvfImageMagick.tar.gz

cdImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

./configure

make

makeinstall

cd../

tarzxvfimagick-2.3.0.tgz

cdimagick-2.3.0/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure–with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

makeinstall

cd../

5、修改php.ini文件

手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir=”./”

修改为extension_dir=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”

并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:

extension=”memcache.so”

extension=”pdo_mysql.so”

extension=”imagick.so”

再查找output_buffering=Off

修改为output_buffering=On

再查找;cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:

sed-i’s#extension_dir=”./”#extension_dir=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”\nextension=”memcache.so”\nextension=”pdo_mysql.so”\nextension=”imagick.so”\n#’/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed-i’s#output_buffering=Off#output_buffering=On#’/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed-i”s#;always_populate_raw_post_data=On#always_populate_raw_post_data=On#g”/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed-i”s#;cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g”/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

mkdir-p/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:

引用

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so”

eaccelerator.shm_size=”64″

eaccelerator.cache_dir=”/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache”

eaccelerator.enable=”1″

eaccelerator.optimizer=”1″

eaccelerator.check_mtime=”1″

eaccelerator.debug=”0″

eaccelerator.filter=””

eaccelerator.shm_max=”0″

eaccelerator.shm_ttl=”3600″

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=”3600″

eaccelerator.shm_only=”0″

eaccelerator.compress=”1″

eaccelerator.compress_level=”9″

7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:

/usr/sbin/groupaddwww

/usr/sbin/useradd-gwwwwww

mkdir-p/data0/htdocs/blog

chmod+w/data0/htdocs/blog

chown-Rwww:www/data0/htdocs/blog

mkdir-p/data0/htdocs/www

chmod+w/data0/htdocs/www

chown-Rwww:www/data0/htdocs/www

8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):

在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:

rm-f/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容(如果您安装Nginx+PHP用于程序调试,请将以下的0改为1,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx会报状态为500的空白错误页):

Allrelativepathsinthisconfigarerelativetophp’sinstallprefix

Pidfile

/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid

Errorlogfile

/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log

Loglevel

notice

WhenthisamountofphpprocessesexitedwithSIGSEGVorSIGBUS…

10

…inalessthanthisintervaloftime,agracefulrestartwillbeinitiated.

Usefultoworkaroundaccidentalcurruptionsinaccelerator’ssharedmemory.

1m

Timelimitonwaitingchild’sreactiononsignalsfrommaster

5s

Setto’no’todebugfpm

yes

Nameofpool.Usedinlogsandstats.

default

Addresstoacceptfastcgirequestson.

Validsyntaxis’ip.ad.re.ss:port’orjust’port’or’/path/to/unix/socket’

127.0.0.1:9000

Setlisten(2)backlog

-1

Setpermissionsforunixsocket,ifoneused.

InLinuxread/writepermissionsmustbesetinordertoallowconnectionsfromwebserver.

ManyBSD-derrivedsystemsallowconnectionsregardlessofpermissions.

0666

Additionalphp.inidefines,specifictothispoolofworkers.

/usr/sbin/sendmail-t-i

0

Unixuserofprocesses

www

Unixgroupofprocesses

www

Processmanagersettings

Setsstyleofcontrolingworkerprocesscount.

Validvaluesare’static’and’apache-like’

static

Setsthelimitonthenumberofsimultaneousrequeststhatwillbeserved.

EquivalenttoApacheMaxClientsdirective.

EquivalenttoPHP_FCGI_CHILDRENenvironmentinoriginalphp.fcgi

Usedwithanypm_style.

128

Settingsgroupfor’apache-like’pmstyle

Setsthenumberofserverprocessescreatedonstartup.

Usedonlywhen’apache-like’pm_styleisselected

20

Setsthedesiredminimumnumberofidleserverprocesses.

Usedonlywhen’apache-like’pm_styleisselected

5

Setsthedesiredmaximumnumberofidleserverprocesses.

Usedonlywhen’apache-like’pm_styleisselected

35

Thetimeout(inseconds)forservingasinglerequestafterwhichtheworkerprocesswillbeterminated

Shouldbeusedwhen’max_execution_time’inioptiondoesnotstopscriptexecutionforsomereason

‘0s’means’off’

0s

Thetimeout(inseconds)forservingofsinglerequestafterwhichaphpbacktracewillbedumpedtoslow.logfile

‘0s’means’off’

0s

Thelogfileforslowrequests

logs/slow.log

Setopenfiledescrlimit

65535

Setmaxcoresizerlimit

0

Chroottothisdirectoryatthestart,absolutepath

Chdirtothisdirectoryatthestart,absolutepath

Redirectworkers’stdoutandstderrintomainerrorlog.

Ifnotset,theywillberedirectedto/dev/null,accordingtoFastCGIspecs

yes

Howmuchrequestseachprocessshouldexecutebeforerespawn.

Usefultoworkaroundmemoryleaksin3rdpartylibraries.

Forendlessrequestprocessingpleasespecify0

EquivalenttoPHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS

1024

Commaseparatedlistofipv4addressesofFastCGIclientsthatallowedtoconnect.

EquivalenttoFCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRSenvironmentinoriginalphp.fcgi(5.2.2+)

MakessenseonlywithAF_INETlisteningsocket.

127.0.0.1

PassenvironmentvariableslikeLD_LIBRARY_PATH

All$VARIABLEsaretakenfromcurrentenvironment

$HOSTNAME

/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin

/tmp

/tmp

/tmp

$OSTYPE

$MACHTYPE

2

9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为128(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:

ulimit-SHn65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpmstart

注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。

三、安装Nginx0.8.46

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:

tarzxvfpcre-8.10.tar.gz

cdpcre-8.10/

./configure

make&&makeinstall

cd../

2、安装Nginx

tarzxvfnginx-0.8.46.tar.gz

cdnginx-0.8.46/

./configure–user=www–group=www–prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx–with-http_stub_status_module–with-http_ssl_module

make&&makeinstall

cd../

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir-p/data1/logs

chmod+w/data1/logs

chown-Rwww:www/data1/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件

①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:

rm-f/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容:

引用

userwwwwww;

worker_processes8;

error_log/data1/logs/nginx_error.logcrit;

pid/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifiesthevalueformaximumfiledescriptorsthatcanbeopenedbythisprocess.

worker_rlimit_nofile65535;

events

{

useepoll;

worker_connections65535;

}

http

{

includemime.types;

default_typeapplication/octet-stream;

#charsetgb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size128;

client_header_buffer_size32k;

large_client_header_buffers432k;

client_max_body_size8m;

sendfileon;

tcp_nopushon;

keepalive_timeout60;

tcp_nodelayon;

fastcgi_connect_timeout300;

fastcgi_send_timeout300;

fastcgi_read_timeout300;

fastcgi_buffer_size64k;

fastcgi_buffers464k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size128k;

gzipon;

gzip_min_length1k;

gzip_buffers416k;

gzip_http_version1.0;

gzip_comp_level2;

gzip_typestext/plainapplication/x-javascripttext/cssapplication/xml;

gzip_varyon;

#limit_zonecrawler$binary_remote_addr10m;

server

{

listen80;

server_nameblog.s135.com;

indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;

root/data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conncrawler20;

location~.*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_indexindex.php;

includefcgi.conf;

}

location~.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires30d;

}

location~.*\.(js|css)?$

{

expires1h;

}

log_formataccess’$remote_addr-$remote_user[$time_local]”$request”‘

‘$status$body_bytes_sent”$http_referer”‘

‘”$http_user_agent”$http_x_forwarded_for’;

access_log/data1/logs/access.logaccess;

}

server

{

listen80;

server_namewww.s135.com;

indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;

root/data0/htdocs/www;

location~.*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_indexindex.php;

includefcgi.conf;

}

log_formatwwwlogs’$remote_addr-$remote_user[$time_local]”$request”‘

‘$status$body_bytes_sent”$http_referer”‘

‘”$http_user_agent”$http_x_forwarded_for’;

access_log/data1/logs/wwwlogs.logwwwlogs;

}

server

{

listen80;

server_namestatus.blog.s135.com;

location/{

stub_statuson;

access_logoff;

}

}

}

②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:

vi/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容:

引用

fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;

fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWAREnginx;

fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING$query_string;

fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD$request_method;

fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE$content_type;

fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH$content_length;

fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI$request_uri;

fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_URI$document_uri;

fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT$document_root;

fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL$server_protocol;

fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR$remote_addr;

fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT$remote_port;

fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR$server_addr;

fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT$server_port;

fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$server_name;

#PHPonly,requiredifPHPwasbuiltwith–enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_paramREDIRECT_STATUS200;

5、启动Nginx

ulimit-SHn65535

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx+PHP

vi/etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容:

引用

ulimit-SHn65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpmstart

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi/etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容:

引用

#Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog=32768

net.core.somaxconn=32768

net.core.wmem_default=8388608

net.core.rmem_default=8388608

net.core.rmem_max=16777216

net.core.wmem_max=16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len=1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem=94500000915000000927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans=3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=102465535

使配置立即生效:

/sbin/sysctl-p

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx-t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:

theconfigurationfile/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.confsyntaxisok

theconfigurationfile/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.confwastestedsuccessfully

2、平滑重启:

①、对于Nginx0.8.x版本,现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单,执行以下命令即可:

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx-sreload

②、对于Nginx0.8.x之前的版本,平滑重启稍微麻烦一些,按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:

ps-ef|grep”nginx:masterprocess”|grep-v”grep”|awk-F”'{print$2}’

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:

6302

这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:

kill-HUP6302

或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:

kill-HUP`cat/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容:

引用

#!/bin/bash

#Thisscriptrunat00:00

#TheNginxlogspath

logs_path=”/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/”

mkdir-p${logs_path}$(date-d”yesterday”+”%Y”)/$(date-d”yesterday”+”%m”)/

mv${logs_path}access.log${logs_path}$(date-d”yesterday”+”%Y”)/$(date-d”yesterday”+”%m”)/access_$(date-d”yesterday”+”%Y%m%d”).log

kill-USR1`cat/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

2、设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab-e

输入以下内容:

引用

0000***/bin/bash/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

本文若有小的修改,会第一时间在以下网址发布:

http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/

附:文章修改历史

●[2010年03月04日][Version6.0]新建

●[2010年04月16日][Version6.1]Nginx版本升级到0.8.35。

●[2010年05月14日][Version6.2]Nginx版本升级到0.8.36。MySQL版本升级到5.5.3-m3,my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、master-connect-retry参数在新版本中不支持,已经注释掉。

●[2010年07月26日][Version6.3]Nginx版本升级到0.8.46。PHP版本升级到5.2.14。其他软件也做了相应的升级。开启php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

(全文完)

作者: admin

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